Use regions/landmarks to skip ahead to chart
Level of Patient Access (<span id="txtChartTitle" style="color: #F59C09;text-decoration: underline;" title="None - Patients cannot access a PT in any situation without a referral. Limited - Access to evaluation, fitness & wellness, and limited treatment only to certain patient populations or under certain circumstances. Provisions - Access to evaluation and treatment with some provisions such as a time or visit limit, or referral requirement for a specific treatment intervention. Unrestricted - No restrictions or limitations whatsoever for treatment without a referral. Unrestricted states typically have no mention of a referral requirement in statute. In these states, patients can access physical therapists for full services without a referral. This is called permission by omission. Permissions by omission are not noted or cited in this chart.">Note</span>)
Long description.
No description available.
Structure.
Pie chart with 4 slices.
Chart graphic.
Level of Patient Access (Note)
Summary of Limitations
| Type of Limitations and Provisions | # of States |
|---|---|
| Visit or Time Limit | 27 |
| Limitations to certain patient populations or under certain circumstances | 8 |
| Referral required for specific treatment intervention | 6 |
| Certain qualifications required of PT | 9 |
| No referral required for fitness & wellness | 13 |
Types of Direct Access
| State | Level of Patient Access | Visit or Time Limit | Limitations to Certain Patient Populations or Under Certain Circumstances | Referral Required for Specific Treatment Intervention | Certain Qualifications Required of PT | No Referral Required for Fitness & Wellness (Note) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Limited (Reference: AL Code Section 34-24-210.1) | Yes (Reference: AL Code Section 34-24-210.1) | Yes (Reference: AL Code Section 34-24-210.1) | Yes (Reference: AL Code Section 34-24-210.1) | ||
| Alaska | Unrestricted (Reference: 12 AK Admin Code 54.500.) | |||||
| Arizona | Unrestricted (Reference: AZ Code Title 32, Ch 19, 32-2041 AZ Adm Code Ch 24, Article 3, R4 - 24 - 301) | |||||
| Arkansas | Provisions (Reference: AR Code 17-93-102) | Yes (Reference: AR Code 17-93-102) | ||||
| California | Provisions (Reference: CA Code Chapter 5.7, Sec 2620.1) | Yes (Reference: CA Code Chapter 5.7, Sec 2620.1) | ||||
| Colorado | Unrestricted | |||||
| Connecticut | Provisions (Reference: CT Code, Chapter 376, Sec 31-275) | Yes (Reference: CT Code, Chapter 376, Sec 31-275) | Yes (Reference: CT Code, Chapter 376, Sec 31-275) | |||
| Delaware | Provisions (Reference: DE Admin Code, 2600.1.1.1) | Yes (Reference: DE Admin Code, 2600.1.1.1) | ||||
| District of Columbia | Provisions (Reference: DC Admin Code 6710.13) | Yes (Reference: DC Admin Code 6710.13) | ||||
| Florida | Provisions (Reference: FL Code, Chapter 486.021) | Yes (Reference: FL Code, Chapter 486.021) | Yes (Reference: FL Code, Chapter 486.021) | |||
| Georgia | Provisions (Reference: GA Code, § 43-33-18) | Yes (Reference: GA Code, § 43-33-18) | Yes (Reference: GA Code, § 43-33-18) | Yes (Reference: GA Code, § 43-33-18) | ||
| Hawaii | Unrestricted (Reference: HI Code, §16-110-3) | |||||
| Idaho | Unrestricted | |||||
| Illinois | Limited (Reference: IL Code, 225 ILCS 90/1, Chapter 111,4251, sec 1) | Yes (Reference: IL Code, 225 ILCS 90/1, Chapter 111,4251, sec 1) | ||||
| Indiana | Provisions (Reference: IN Code, Section 3. IC 25-27-1-2.5) | Yes (Reference: IN Code, Section 3. IC 25-27-1-2.5) | Yes (Reference: IN Code, Section 3. IC 25-27-1-2.5) | |||
| Iowa | Unrestricted (Reference: IA Code, Chapter 148A.1) | |||||
| Kansas | Provisions (Reference: KS Code, 65-2921) | Yes (Reference: KS Code, 65-2921) | Yes (Reference: KS Code, 65-2921) | Yes (Reference: KS Code, 65-2921) | Yes (Reference: KS Code, 65-2921) | |
| Kentucky | Unrestricted (Reference: KY Code, 201 KAR 22:010) | |||||
| Louisiana | Provisions (Reference: LA R.S. 37:2418) | Yes (Reference: LA R.S. 37:2418) | Yes (Reference: LA R.S. 37:2418) | |||
| Maine | Provisions (Reference: ME Code, Title 32 §3113-A.) | Yes (Reference: ME Code, Title 32 §3113-A.) | Yes (Reference: ME Code, Title 32 §3113-A.) | Yes (Reference: ME Code, Title 32 §3113-A.) | ||
| Maryland | Unrestricted | |||||
| Massachusetts | Unrestricted | Yes | ||||
| Michigan | Provisions (Reference: MI Code 333 §17820.1) | Yes (Reference: MI Code 333 §17820.1) | Yes (Reference: MI Code 333 §17820.1) | |||
| Minnesota | Provisions (Reference: MN Code 148.7) | Yes (Reference: MN Code 148.7) | Yes (Reference: MN Code 148.7) | |||
| Mississippi | Limited (Reference: MS Code § 73-23-35) | Yes (Reference: MS Code § 73-23-35) | Yes (Reference: MO Code, Chapter 334.506) | Yes (Reference: MS Code § 73-23-35) | ||
| Missouri | Provisions (Reference: MO Code, Chapter 334.506) | Yes (Reference: MO Code, Chapter 334.506) | Yes (Reference: MO Code, Chapter 334.506) | Yes (Reference: MO Code, Chapter 334.506) | ||
| Montana | Unrestricted (Reference: MT Code, Chapter 37-11-104) | |||||
| Nebraska | Unrestricted (Reference: NE Code, Chapter 328-A:9) | |||||
| Nevada | Unrestricted | |||||
| New Hampshire | Provisions (Reference: NH Code, 328-A:9) | Yes (Reference: NH Code, 328-A:9) | Yes (Reference: NH Code, 328-A:9) | |||
| New Jersey | Provisions (Reference: NJ Code, Chapter 39) | Yes (Reference: NJ Code, Chapter 39) | ||||
| New Mexico | Provisions (Reference: NM Code, Title 16, Chapter 20 16.20.10.8) | Yes (Reference: NM Code, Title 16, Chapter 20 16.20.10.8) | Yes (Reference: NM Code, Title 16, Chapter 20 16.20.10.8) | Yes (Reference: NM Code, Title 16, Chapter 20 16.20.10.8) | ||
| New York | Provisions (Reference: NY Code, Article 136, Part 77, § 6731.) | Yes (Reference: NY Code, Article 136, Part 77, § 6731.) | Yes (Reference: NY Code, Article 136, Part 77, § 6731.) | |||
| North Carolina | Unrestricted (Reference: NC Code, G.S. 90-270..90(4)) | |||||
| North Dakota | Unrestricted | |||||
| Ohio | Provisions (Reference: OH Code, Chapter 4755.48) | Yes (Reference: OH Code, Chapter 4755.48) | Yes (Reference: OH Code, Chapter 4755.48) | Yes (Reference: OH Code, Chapter 4755.48) | ||
| Oklahoma | Provisions (Reference: OK Code 59 Section 887.17 A.) | Yes (Reference: OK Code 59 Section 887.17 A.) | ||||
| Oregon | Unrestricted (Reference: OR Code 688.132) | |||||
| Pennsylvania | Provisions (Reference: PA Code § 40.61) | Yes (Reference: PA Code § 40.61) | Yes (Reference: PA Code § 40.61) | |||
| Puerto Rico | None | |||||
| Rhode Island | Provisions (Reference: RI Code R5-40-PT/PTA Part II Section 7.0) | Yes (Reference: RI Code R5-40-PT/PTA Part II Section 7.0) | Yes (Reference: RI Code R5-40-PT/PTA Part II Section 7.0) | |||
| South Carolina | Provisions (Reference: SC Code, Chapter 45, SECTION 40-45-110.) | Yes (Reference: SC Code, Chapter 45, SECTION 40-45-110.) | ||||
| South Dakota | Unrestricted | |||||
| Tennessee | Provisions (Reference: TN Code, Chapter 1150-1) | Yes (Reference: TN Code, Chapter 1150-1) | ||||
| Texas | Limited (Reference: TX Code, Chapter 453, Sec. 453.302 TX Admin Code, §322.1) | Yes (Reference: TX Code, Chapter 453, Sec. 453.302 TX Admin Code, §322.1) | Yes (Reference: TX Code, Chapter 453, Sec. 453.302 TX Admin Code, §322.1) | Yes (Reference: TX Code, Chapter 453, Sec. 453.302 TX Admin Code, §322.1) | ||
| Utah | Unrestricted | |||||
| Vermont | Unrestricted | |||||
| Virgin Islands | Provisions | |||||
| Virginia | Provisions (Reference: VA Code, Chapter 34 § 54.1-3482) | No | Yes (Reference: VA Code, Chapter 34 § 54.1-3482) | |||
| Washington | Provisions (Reference: WA Code, RCW 18.74.012-.016) | Yes | ||||
| West Virginia | Unrestricted (Reference: WV Code, §30-20-9) | |||||
| Wisconsin | Provisions (Reference: WI Code, §448.56) | Yes (Reference: WI Code, §448.56) | Yes (Reference: WI Code, §448.56) | Yes (Reference: WI Code, §448.56) | ||
| Wyoming | Unrestricted (Reference: WY Code, 33-25-102) |