| Alabama |
4 (Reference: AL Admin Code 700-X-3-.03(11)) |
Yes |
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| Alaska |
3 (Reference: 12 AAC 54.500.(e)) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
| Arizona |
3 (Reference: AZ Regulations R4-24-303.C) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes Rather than tempory licenses, AZ issues interim permits |
Yes |
| Arkansas |
No Supervision Ratio |
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| California |
2 PTAs + 1 aide (Reference: CA Business and Professions Code, Div 2.Chapter 5.7. Article2. Sec. 23.2622.(b-c)) |
Yes A physical therapist shall not supervise more than two physical therapist assistants at one time to assist the physical therapist in his or her practice of physical therapy. |
Yes A physical therapist may utilize the services of one aide engaged in patient-related tasks to aid the physical therapist in his or her practice of physical therapy. |
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| Colorado |
4 (Reference: 4 CO Code of Regulations 732-1.201.B.1.)B. A physical therapist is responsible for providing adequate or proper supervision and/or direction to a person not licensed as a physical therapist pursuant to section 12-41-115(1)(e), C.R.S. |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
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| Connecticut |
No Supervision Ratio |
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| Delaware |
2 (Reference: DE Admin Code Title 24. 2600.1.2.8) |
Yes |
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| District of Columbia |
3 (Reference: DC Municipal Regulations 6710.11) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
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| West Virginia |
4 (Reference: WV Admin Code §16-1-8.1.c) |
Yes |
Yes |
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Yes |
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| Florida |
No Supervision Ratio (Reference: FL Admin Code 64B17-6.007(8))The number of unlicensed personnel participating in patient care tasks or activities, at any one given time shall be determined by the physical therapist dependent upon the individual practice setting, and the individual therapeutic needs of the patients supervised by the physical therapist or physical therapist assistant while assuring for quality care of the patients. |
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| Georgia |
2 (Reference: GA Rules of PT Board 490-2-.04(e ) and 490-8-.02(c )) |
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Yes A licensee of this chapter may supervise a maximum of two (2) physical therapy aides when they are aiding the licensee's provision of patient evaluation and intervention. |
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Yes The supervising therapist will supervise no more than 2 trainees at one time. |
| Hawaii |
3 (Reference: HI Admin Rules §16-110-4(d)1-3) |
Yes |
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Yes |
Yes |
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| Idaho |
2 PTA / 3 PTs (Reference: ID Admin Code 24.13.016.05.e)PTs: two full-time PTAs and up to one additional nonlicensed personnel under one PT
PTAs: At no time, the number of physical therapist assistant students or supportive personnel, or a combination thereof, be more than twice in number of such PTA(s) providing physical therapy treatment at any physical therapy practice or site. |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
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| Illinois |
No Supervision Ratio |
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| Indiana |
3 (Reference: 844 IN Admin Code 6-1-2(g)(3))If the daily PTA/PT consultation is not face-to-face, the PT or MD may not supervise more than the equivalent of 3 full-time PTAs. |
Yes |
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| Kansas |
4 (Reference: K.A.R. 100-29-16.(g)) |
Yes |
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| Kentucky |
4 (Reference: 201 KAR 22:053.Section 4 (1)(a)) |
Yes |
Yes |
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| Louisiana |
5 (Reference: LA Admin Code §339.A)Louisiana has a cap of 5 maximum, however there are individual limits for number of PTAs or technicians (4), provisional license (1), or students (5) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
| Maine |
No Supervision Ratio |
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| Maryland |
No Supervision Ratio |
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| Massachusetts |
Professional Judgment (Reference: 259 Code MA Regulations 5.02(3)(a-b)) |
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| Michigan |
4 (Reference: MI Admin Code R338.7138 Rule 38(4)) |
Yes |
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| Minnesota |
2 (Reference: MN Statute 148.706) |
Yes |
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| Mississippi |
4 (Reference: MS Regulations Part 3103 Rule 8.2.2) |
Yes |
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Yes |
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| Missouri |
4 (Reference: 20 CSR 2150-3.090(2)) |
Yes |
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| Montana |
2 (Reference: MT Code Annotated. 37-11-105(2)) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
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| Nebraska |
2 (Reference: 172 NAC 137-008.1) |
Yes |
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| Nevada |
3 (Reference: NAC 640.594.2.e)Maximum of 3 individuals from all groups may be supervised at any one time, however a max of 2 of any one type of personnel may be supervised at any one time. |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
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| New Hampshire |
No Supervision Ratio |
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| New Jersey |
2 (Reference: NJ Admin Code 13:39A-7.1b) |
Yes |
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| New Mexico |
3 (Reference: NMAC 16.20.7.8.A) A physical therapist may not be responsible for the direction and supervision of more than three full-time physical therapist assistants, or three FTE’s (full-time equivalency totaling 120 work hours per week) requiring supervision, including temporary physical therapists, temporary physical therapist assistants, and licensed physical therapist assistants. A licensed physical therapist may only supervise unlicensed aides working as care-giving assistive personnel, provided the assistive personnel’s combined full time equivalency does not exceed 120 hours per week. |
Yes |
Yes |
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Yes |
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| New York |
No Supervision Ratio |
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| North Carolina |
4 (Reference : NYSED Physical Therapy Practice Guideline 5.9)A PT may not supervise more than four persons on a limited permit. |
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| North Dakota |
3 (Reference: NDAC 61.5-05-01-05.)No more than 2 PTAs may be supervised. |
Yes |
Yes |
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| Ohio |
No Supervision Ratio |
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| Oklahoma |
No Supervision Ratio |
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| Oregon |
2 (Reference: OR Admin Rules 848-020-0030.(3)) |
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Yes |
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| Pennsylvania |
3 (Reference: PA Code Chapter 40.171.(c)) |
Yes |
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| Puerto Rico |
No Supervision Ratio |
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| Rhode Island |
No Supervision Ratio |
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| South Carolina |
3 (Reference: SC Regulations 101.09) |
Yes |
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| South Dakota |
2 (Reference: SD Codified Law 36-10-35.8) |
Yes |
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| Tennessee |
3 (Reference: Rules of TN Board of PT 1150-01-.02(2)(c))(c) A physical therapist may concurrently supervise no more than the equivalent of three full - time physical therapist assistants.A physical therapist may concurrently supervise no more than the equivalent of two(2) full - time assistive personnel or physical therapy aides.A physical therapist assistant may concurrently supervise no more than the equivalent of two(2) full - time physical therapy aides. |
Yes |
Yes |
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| Texas |
Professional Judgment (Reference: TX Admin Rules §322.3.(a)) |
Yes |
Yes |
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| Utah |
3 (Reference: Utah R156-24b-503.(1)) |
Yes |
Yes |
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| Vermont |
3 (Reference: VT Admin Rules 3.4(d)(1-2))PTs are allowed to supervised up to 4 PTAs simultaneously, but may not supervise more than 3 of a mixed group of aides, physical therapist students, physical therapist assistant students, and/or temporary licensees. |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
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| Virgin Islands |
2 (Reference: USVI Rules 7(C )1.(G)c)) |
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Yes |
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| Virginia |
3 (Reference: 18 VAC 112-20-100.C) |
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Yes |
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Yes |
| Washington |
3 (Reference: WAC 246-915-181)Except as provided in (c)(ii) of this subsection, at any one time, the physical therapist may supervise up to a total of three assistive personnel, who may be physical therapist assistants, other assistive personnel, or physical therapy aides. If the physical therapist is supervising the maximum of three assistive personnel at any one time, no more than one of the assistive personnel may be a physical therapy aide. The physical therapist has the sole discretion, based on the physical therapist's clinical judgment, to determine whether to utilize assistive personnel to provide services to the patient; (ii) A physical therapist working in a nursing home as defined in RCW 18.51.010 or in the public schools as defined in RCW 28A.150.010, may supervise a total of only two assistive personnel at any one time; (iii) In addition to the assistive personnel authorized in (c)(i) and (ii) of this subsection, the physical therapist may supervise a total of two persons who are pursuing a course of s |
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Yes 2 |
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| Wisconsin |
4 (Reference: WI Admin Code PT 5.02(2)(k))The maximum number of PTAs to be supervised is 2. |
Yes |
Yes |
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Yes |
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| Wyoming |
5 (Reference: WY Admin Code Chapter 7 Section 7)A PT may not supervise more than 3 aides. A PTA may not supervise more than 2 aides. |
Yes |
Yes |
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| Iowa |
2 (Reference: IA Admin Code 645-200.6(1) e) |
Yes PT may supervise not more than the equivalent of two full-time PTAs, not to exceed four part-time PTAs who are providing physical therapy per calendar day, including supervision by telecommunication |
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